Abrading apparatus



p 1932- s. MAGNANO ABRADING APPARATUS Filed Ag. 3, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet lV lull (my 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 20, 1932. s, MAGNANO ABRADINGAPPARATUS Filed Aug. 3, 1928 i l an Patented Sept. 20, 1932 UNITEDSTATES PATENT.

FEE

SEBASTIANO MAGN AN 0, OF LAWRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO MAG-NANOCOR- PORATION, OF LAWRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS, A ,GORPORATIONOFMASSACHUSETTS ABRADING APPARATUS Application filed August 3, 1928.Serial No. 297,332.

This invention pertains to abrading apparatus and more particularly toportable means for honing razors, surgical instru ments, and otherblades having fine edges; To produce a thin and keen edge on a razorblade or the like, resort is usually had to hand honing, but this is anoperation requiring considerable skill and is slow and laborious,particularly if the blade is very dull or has nicks in its edge whichmust be eradicated. Even at best the hand honing operation seldomproduces uniform results since the tendency in hand honing is to applyless pressure at the outer end of the blade than at the heel portion,while the amount of pressure applied varies with the individual operatorand with his degree of fatigue. By reason of the tiresome character ofthis operation many good razors, especially those having unusually hardblades, are prematurely discarded because it appears substantiallyimpossible to hone them to a good edgeby the usual method, although theymay be capable of taking such an edge if honed with sufiicientthoroughness.

In accordance with the present invention, I provide an apparatus ofreadily portable type,of simple construction, which may be built atcomparatively low cost,which is preferably power driven as by means ofan electric motor,and comprising means for removably supporting a hone,strop, or the like,for securely gripping the razor blade by its tang andfor holding the blade at the proper angle while relatively reciprocatingthe hone and blade, and for turning the blade after each stroke wherebyalternately to present opposite faces of the blade to the hone. Theinvent-ion preferably provides means for adjusting the position of thehone and for varying the pressure between the blade and hone whereby toadapt the apparatus for any usual condition.

This novel apparatus, working automatically, applies the blade to thehone with a predetermined pressure and such pressure may be made uniformthroughout the length of the blade or may be made greater at one endthan at the other, if desired; it operates without attention from thebeginning to the end of the honing so that the operator is free changedfor bones of a diflerent degree of V hardness or fineness in accordancewith the type of blade orthe amount of honing necessary. Being'portableand of small dimen-' sions the apparatus may readily be set up inaconvenient location in a barber shop or other establishment, itbeingsimply necessary'to connect the motor to a source of electriccurrent whereupon the apparatus is ready for use.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated one desirable embodimentof the invention by Way of example, and in the drawings 1 Fig. 1 is aplanview of the machine showing arazor mounted therein in position forhoning and showing someportions of the mechanism in dotted lines:

Fig. 2 is a vertical section, substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1with certain parts broken away;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary rear view of the reciprocating carriage showingthe driving pin in vertical section;

Fig. 4: is a fragmentary plan view of the right-hand end of the drivechain, as viewed in Fig. 1, showing a portion of the reciproeatingcarriage at the right-hand end of its stroke, the carriage and a portionof the retaininglatch being shown in horizontal section; I

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary verticalsection on the line 55 of Fig. 1 but tolarger scale;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 66 of Fig.

1 showing certain details of the blade holder;

and 1 Fig. 7 is a fragmentary end elevation .of

the'reciprocating carriage with certain parts thereof in section on theline 77 of Fig. L

Referring to thev drawings, the supporting frame of the machinepreferably comprises the hollow box-like base 1 which may convenientlybe made by casting and which supports a removable cover 2, the latternormally being secured to the base by means of screws 3 or othersuitable fasteners. The forward portion of the cover 2 is provided withan elongate open slot 4: for a purpose hereinafter described, while therear part of the cover supports an electric motor 5 (Fig. 1) disposedbelow the cover and within the base 1.

A flexible conductor 6 leads to the motor through an opening in thecover, or in the base if preferred. Thecoveralso supports a switchdevice 7 which mayif desired include a variable resistance or rheostatwhereby to change the speed of the motor. This switch is controlled bymeans of a'handle 8 passing out through a slot in the side wall of thebase.

Speed reduction gearing,:1ndicated at 9, transmits motion from the motorshaft to a shaft 10 having a pinion which engageswith a gear 11 fixed toa drive shaft 12 journaled in a bearing 'bracket13 =(Fig. 1) supportedbya depending web 14 preferably integral with the cover 2. The web alsosupports :a bearingboss 15 carrying a stub shaft '16 disposed near theopposite side of the base from the front of the machine, and thesebrackets support a pair of fixed guide rods 22 and 23,

preferably disposed in the same vertical plane. A reciprocating carriage24: is arranged to slide on the rods22 and 23. The rear face (Fig. 3) ofthis carriage is provided with a vertical slot 25 which may convenientlybe formed "by attaching spaced blocks 26 and 27 to the rear face of thecarriage proper. These blocks are prefera'blyof wear-resistant material,such as steel,

and have their adjacent edges spaced apart to provide the slot 25, suchedges preferably being smoothly finished.

A plate 28 is securely attached to the chain 19 and this plate isprovided with a forwardly projecting pin 29 which engages the slot 25 inthe carriage. "Thus as the chain moves it imparts a reciprocatingmovement to the carriage.

A rack bar 30 is mounted in the carriage, preferably in giiidewaysformedin "the blocks 26 and 27 This rack bar is arranged to sliderelatively to the carriage in a path parallelto the path of movement ofthe carriage, and is provided with rack teeth 31 on its upper faceengaging a pinion '32 mounted on a stub shaft33 supported by'thecarriage The pinion 32 meshes with a second pinion 35 mounted on astub shaft 36 carried by an arm 34: projecting upwardly from thecarriage through the slot 4L in the cover 2. A blade holding arm 37 isrigidly secured, as by means of screws 38, to the pinion 35 so that thearm partakes of the movement of the pinion.

The arm 37 is provided, adjacent to its free extremity,with a bracket 38in which a shaft 39-is journa'led. "This shaft supports a blade holder40 (Fig. '6) comprising spaced-arms 41 and 42 adapted to receive thetang 43 of a razor blade B between them. A clamping screw A l passesthrough a threaded opening in the arm tlfor securely clamping the tangi3 against the arm 42. The holder 10 with the blade mountedtherein isfree to rock to a limited extent about the axis of the shaft 39, suchrocking movement :being limited by oppositely extending fingers 45 and16 on the r holder adapted to engage a portion ofthe arm 37.

Preferably I provide an extension member A7 at theend of the arm 37,such extension member carrying an adjustable weight4=8 whioh may befixed'in position by means ofa set screw or otherwise, such weightserving :to determine the pressure of the blade against the hone .ashereinafter more fully described. The rack bar '30 is provided near eachend with a retaining element, such elements being here shown as notches19 .and respectively. The ends of the bar are beveled as indicated at 51and '52 to provide latch-lifting surfaces.

At the left-hand side of the machine, as viewed in Fig. 2, is arranged alatch 53 which is free to swing about a stub shaft 54 carried by thecover, such latch having a forwardly projecting latch pin 55 and aweighted lower portion provided with a cam surface 56. This cam surfacelies in the path of .a latch disengaging pin 57 projecting rearwa-rdlyfrom the plate 28 on the chain 1 9.

At the right-hand side of the machine I provide a secondlatch58-sw-inging freely on a stub shaft 59 carried by-the cover, such latchcomprising a latch pin 60- and having a weighted lower portion providedwith a cam face 61, also lying in the path of the pin 57.

On the upper surface of the cover I provide brackets 62' and 63 whichmay be integral with the cover, or separate therefrom as desired, thebracket 62 having a pair of spaced upstanding arms 64 and the bracket 63having a similar pair of upstanding arms 65. The arms of each pair arespaced'to provide a vertical slot, such slots receiving pintle members66 and 67 respectively projecting from the opposite ends of a hone.carrier 68. 'This hone carrier is preferably of shallow box-like formhaving side walls 69 adapted toposition and retain the hone 7 O. Thishone may be of any desired material and may readily be lifted out of thehone carrier for replacement or interchange with bones or stroppingelements of different 'degrees of hardness or fineness. Preferably thepintle members 66 and 67 are disposed slightly to one side of thetraverse center line of the hone carrier so that the carrier tends totip to one side about the axis defined by the pintle members.

Preferably the pintle members 66 and 67 are supported by means ofadjustable screws 71 and 72 respectively passing upwardly throughscrew-threaded openings in the brackets 62 and 63. In order to retainthese screws in adjusted position each'screw may be provided with acoiled spring 73 or other suitable means. Preferably a screw 7 5engaging a threaded opening in a part of the cover projects up beneaththe bone carrier at one side of the axis defined by the pintles, wherebyto limit the movement of the hone carrier in one direction at leastabout its axis.

In using the device the selected hone is placed in the hone carrier, thelatter being mounted upon the adjusted screws 71 and 7 2, which are soadjusted as to make the axis defined by the pintles substantiallyhorizontal. The tang 43 of the razor is now securely clamped in theblade holder by means of the screw 44, with the blade B of the razoroverlying the upper surface of the hone, and with the hande H of therazor projecting outwardly so as not to interfere with the operation ofthe machine.

F the carriage so that the edge of the blade makes an acute angle withthe direction of movement of the blade in the hone, thus following theusual and accepted practice in hand honing.

During this movement of the carriage toward the right the rack bar moveswith the carriage, the weight'of the razor and of the arm 37 tending toturn the pinions and 32 in such a direction as to advance the rack bar1n the direction of movement of the carriage,

weight of the blade and the part by the adjustable weight 48. By reasonsuch advancing movement of the rack bar being limited by engagement ofthe razor blade with the hone. The pressure of the blade upon the honeis determined in part by the arm 37 and in of the freedom of motion oftheblade holder about the axis of the shaft 39 and by reason of thefreedom of the hone carrier to swing about the axis defined byits pintlepins, the

razor blade is held very gently against the hone and yet with asubstantially uniform pressure throughout the length of the edge of theblade. As'the carriage nears the right-hand end $70. of its stroke thelatch-lifting face 52 of the rack bar rides beneath the latch pin 60,lifting the latter and permitting it to drop into the retainingnotch'50. Further movement of the rack bar in a right-hand direction isnow prevented by the latch pin 60 and as the carriage continues itsstroke in the right-hand direction the engagement of the relativelystationary rack bar with the pinion 32 causes, M the latter to turn,thereby swinging the pin- E30 ion 35 with the arm 37 in acounterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 2, until at the end of thestroke of the carriage the arm 37 has passed through an angle ofsubstantially 180. During this swinging of the arm the C35 blade carrieris lifted'bodily from the hone, but at the end of this swinging movementof the arm 37, the blade B rests upon the hone but with its oppositeside in engagement W therewith and makes the same acute angle to thepath of movement of the carriage as on its first stroke. Just at thecompletion of the swinging movement of the arm 37, the pin 57 engagesthe cam surface 61 of the latch 58 g thereby lifting the latch pin 60from the notch 50 so that the rack bar is free to resume its movementwith the carriage. The parts now retain this relative position until thecarriage nears the left-hand end of its stroke, whereupon the face 51 ofthe rack bar lifts L the latch pin 55 permitting the pin-todrop into thenotch 49 thus again arresting the rack bar so that as the carriagecompletes its stroke the pinions 32 and 35 are turned, thus H rockingthe arm 37 back to its original position. At the end of this movementthe pin 57 engages the cam sur'face 56, thus releasing the pin 55 fromthe notch 49 so that the parts are restored to the first position readyfor the carriage to begin its next stroke to the right.

The apparatus thus continues to operate,

presenting first one side and then the other of the blade to the surfaceof the hone, and

as'the strokes are of uniform length and the edge of the blade ispresented at the same angle to the hone throughout its travel in eachdirection, and as the pressure upon the blade is uniform and constant,it is possible to obtain results with this apparatus far superior to anywhich can be obtainedv by 2512C hand honing. A 7

As above described the hone carrier is preferably overbalanced to oneside, preferably that side nearest the carriage since as thus arranged amore uniform pressure is ob- 3125 tained lengthwise of the blade thanwith a carrier equally heavy at opposite sides of its axis. However,this arrangement is not essential and under some circumstances it may bepreferred to make the carrier heavier 1 9 :at its rear -e'd ge-;or-tomake it of uniform weight at opposite .sides. iBy relative-adustmentof-the supporting screws 71- and .7 2 the axis of the honecarrier may be-arranged (E'illatamangle to-the path of=travelof=the car-.riage in which event one face ofthe blade will be pressed against thehone more than the other, and by raising the adjusting screw 7 4; to. asuflicient-height the hone carrier may jm'ibe positively held in a givenposition so that it can no'longer tilt freely. Thus if it be desired.tohone the forward or outer end ofthe -razor -blade-more than the heelend, the hone carriermay be so adjusted, and-I contemplate )IBIthatasimilar adjusting'screw -may be ar- .ranged for engagement with theforward part of the hone carrier so as to obtain the reverse effectin'honing the heel portion of the blade excessively.

220 While I have herein shown and described one desirable embodiment ofthe invention by way of eXample,-Iwish it to'be understood that variouschanges in details, including the substitution ofequivalents,rearrangement of 585 parts, and Variation in proportion ofparts .may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim: 7 I 1. Apparatusof the'class described com-' 510 prising aportable casing, aniel'ectric motor mounted within the-casing, a honecarrier mounted on the outside of the casing, a reciprocating carriage,clamping means mounted on the carriageengageablei with the tang of "281arazor blade ,for holding the blade at. an ,acuteangle to the path ofmovement of the carriage while the blade is being honed, and,means-actuable-by the motor for reciprocating said clamping means andfor turningit Eifllat the end of each reciprocation whereby alternatelyto present opposite sides of the razor blade to a hone mounted on thehone carrier.

2. Apparatus of the class described com- F148 prising a hone carrier,a-honemounted therein, a reciprocating carriage and means .forreciprocating it, an oscillatory arm mounted on the carriage,.a\bladeholdercarriedby the .arm, a pinion on the carriage for actuating 210,the arm, arack bar mounted to slide inguides on the carriage, said rackbar engaging the pinion and normally moving with the carriage, and latchmeans engageable with the rack bar as the carriage nears either end of555 its stroke, said latch means stopping and holding the rack bar whilethe carriage completes its stroke, thereby turning the pinion andswinging the arm. 3. Apparatus-of the class described com- -1 prising ahone carrier, a hone mounted therein a reciprocating carriage and meansfor actuating it, an oscillatoryarmmounted on the carriage, a pinionfixed :on' the arm, a second pinion meshing with the first pinion, aasliding rack bar mount-ed upon the carriage riage nears the end ofitsstroke in either direction, said latch means stopping the rack barbefore-the carriage completes its movex ment,thereby causing theoscillating armito swing in a directionoppositeto the movement of thecarriage. i

4. Apparatus of the class described comprising a honecarrier,ahone'mounted therein a reciprocatingcarriage'and means foractuating it, an oscillatory arm mounted on the carriage, aslidablebarmountedon the carriage, {said bar having a retainingelementnear each end, a latch adj acenttoeach end of the path of travelof the carriage, said latches being arranged respectively to engage theretaining-element at'the adjacent end of the bar as the carriage nearsthe end of its stroke and toholdthe bar stationary as the carriagecompletes its stroke, means for translatingthe relative movement of thecarriage and bar into oscillatory movement of the arm, and means fordisengagingthe latch from the bar as-the carriage starts "on its reversestroke. l i

5. Apparatus of the class described comprising a hone carrier, a honemounted therein a reciprocalcarriage andmeans :for actuating it,- anoscillatory arm mounted on the carriage, a slidable rack barimounted onthe carriage,-said barhaving a notch near each end, gearing connectingthe rack bar and the arm, alatch adjacent to each end of, the path oftravel of the carriage, said latches being arranged respectively toengage the completes its stroke in either direction, whereby the arm isoscillated by the relative movement of the carriage and bar, andmeansoperable by the carriageactuating means for releasing the latch from thenotch as the carriage starts on its reverse stroke.

6. Apparatus of the class described comprising'a hone carrier, a honemounted therein, a frame, a reciprocable carriage supported "thereby, anendless drive chain for reciprocating the carriage, an oscillatory armmounted on the carriage, a sliding rack bar inotc'hesat the adjacentends of the rackbar and to hold the bar stationary as the carriage llOcarriage starts on its reverse stroke, and means for continuouslydriving the chain.

7. Apparatus of the class described com prising a reciprocatingcarriage, means for reciprocating the carriage, an oscillatory armmounted on the carriage, means on the arm for holding a blade with itsedge at an acute angle to the path of the carriage, means for supportinga hone in position for the blade to rest thereon as the carriagereciprocates, means for swinging the arm as the carriage nears the endof its stroke in either. direction, an extension member at the end ofthe arm, and a weight adjustable along said extension member whereby tovary the pres sure of the blade against the hone.

8. Apparatus of the class described comprising a reciprocating carriageprovided with a vertical slot, an endless chain having a pin engagingsaid slot, a motor for driving the chain, an oscillatory arm on thecarriage, a blade holder on the arm, means for supporting a hone inposition for the blade to rest thereon as the carriage reciprocates, arack bar slidable in the carriage, means on the carriage engaging therack bar for actuating the oscillatory arm, the rack bar having notchesadjacent to its opposite ends, a weighted latch adjacent to each end ofthe path of travel of the carriage, each latch being arranged to engageone of the notches in the rack bar as the carriage nears the end of itsstroke whereby to cause the oscillating arm to swing as the carriagecompletes its stroke, and a pin on the chain arranged to release thelatch from the bar as the carriage starts on its return stroke.

9. Apparatus of the class described comrisin a hone carrier an armmounted there in a reciprocable carriage, means for reciprocating thecarriage, a rotary pinion mounted on the carriage, a blade holderactuated by the pinion, said blade holder moving bodily in an arcuatepath, a rack bar slidably mounted in the carriage and engaging thepinion, means for temporarily stopping the rack bar as the carriagenears the end of its travel in one direction whereby upon furthermovement of the carriage the stationary rack bar causes a part rotationof the pinion, and means for releasing the rack bar to permit it toresume its movement with the carriage as the latter starts in theopposite direction.

10. Apparatus of the class described comprising a portable casing, anelectric motor mounted within the casing, a hone carrier, independentlyadjustable pivotal supports for the opposite ends of the hone carrier, areciprocating carriage, clamping means mounted on the carriageengageable with a tang of a razor blade for holding the blade at anacute angle to the path of movement of the carriage While the blade isbeing honed, and

means actuable by the motor for reciprocating said clamping means andforturning it at the end of each reciprocation whereby alternately topresent opposite sides of the razor 1 prising a portable casing, anelectric motor mounted Within the casing, a hone carrier mounted on theoutside of the casing, pivotal means for supporting the hone carrier sodisposed and arranged that the latter has a preponderance of weight atone side of its pivotal aXis whereby it tends to tip to oneside, areciprocating carriage, clamping means mounted on the carriageengageable with the tange of a razor blade for holding the blade at anacute angle to the path of movement of the carriage while the blade isbeing honed, and means actuable by the motor for reciprocating saidclamping means and for turning its it at the end of each reciprocationwhereby al-

